Topic of the week: An opportunity to excel

In the Army, one is often tasked to do a job that most consider undesirable (i.e. 20 push-ups in full combat gear, pulling weeds in the parking lot in full combat gear, or painting the commander’s office in full combat gear); at the completion of said task the assigning officer or Drill Sergeant may state (re: yell) “Well, what do you have to say…”  The appropriate answer to convey your honor at being chosen to do the push-ups, pull the weeds, or paint the office would be, “Thank Sir/ Drill Sergeant for the opportunity to excel”.

I often think of that phrase when, in my professional life I take on tasks or assignments that no one else wants, or no one else has yet chosen to perform.  I was given a wonderful opportunity by a good friend of mine who was, and is, a professor of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology at Johns Hopkins.  The task was to help educate nurses and nurse practitioners to learn how to provide anesthesia safely to patients in an austere environment.  For Free.  This was my first opportunity to do two things that I love – teach and talk about anesthesia – to people who were in dire need of a willing volunteer.

Here in the United States, we take safe anesthesia care for granted.  It is a luxury that we expect when we undergo surgery or diagnostic procedures.  But I soon learned, in grave detail, that safe anesthesia care is not available to everyone.  My first opportunity to volunteer in this capacity was in Asmara, Eritrea in 2003.  In Asmara, I met and worked closely with a wonderful nurse anesthetist named Kessette Tweldebrhan.  Kessette founded the schools of nurse anesthesia in both Asmara the capital of Eritrea, and in Addis Ababa the capitol of Ethiopia.  Among the many, many things that I learned from Kessette was not only the need for anesthesia providers and educators in his and nearby countries; but I also learned about many of the horrible conditions that the citizens in his part of the world endure every day because of the lack of anesthesia providers and a quality anesthesia education.

One problem that I learned about was obstetric fistula.  Kessette was fortunate enough to work with Drs. Reginald and Catherine Hamlin in the fistula hospitals in Ethiopia.  He gave me the book that they wrote about their experience learning about and devising a plan to combat obstetric fistula.  Fast forward 9 years.  Recently, I was contacted by another physician who has made it his lifes work to combat obstetric fistula – in Niger.  The physician is Dr. Steven Arrowsmith.  I came across the accompanying article about Dr. Arrowsmith and his fistula program.  Currently they are in dire need of qualified American anesthesia professionals who have the knowledge, skill, will, and desire to step up to the plate and help the women of Niger.  I intend to answer the call.  Please review the article that I found about Dr. Arrowsmith and visit his website.  I’ve also included a few pictures from my travels in Eritrea teaching anesthesia at the Orrota Hospital of Asmara University.

With all of the blessings that we have, consider this as your opportunity to excel.  If not you, then who?

Click here for the article by Dr Arrowsmith

CRNA Wellness: Heat and Hydration

Some very important things come as pairings:  Your hair might be colored salt and pepper;  it frequently rains cats and dogs; the OR has its ups and downs;  Chez Paul offers wine and cheese.  And summer?  Summer pairs heat and hydration.  As the temperature soars along with the humidity, here are some things to help you stay hydrated and withstand the heat.

The standard daily drinking water prescription for adults is eight glasses – that’s eight eight-ounce servings and varies by little from one body type to another.  Add extra activity or summer heat to the mix and the recommendation increases to nine or more glasses.  Move to an arid climate or humid tropical haven, and set RX-it a glass higher.  You don’t need to drink until your food floats (see dilutional hyponatremia) but if you wait until you FEEL dry and thirsty before refilling your tank, you’ve waited too long to refill.

Click here to learn more about avoiding dehydration

Drinking water in most countries outside the USA is served without ice and often at room temp.  Although it remains part of the drinking debate, there is a certain amount of logic in drinking your beverages at room temperature, even tepid.  But the American Council on Sports Medicine recommends cold water to challenge metabolism and burn the most calories.  Others say that water is water; just get wet.

When I counsel clients on their nutritional needs, I encourage them to up their intake of watery vegetables and fruits.  Raw, grilled or steamed tender crisp, between all those tiny turgid veggie cells are gazillions of antioxidants wrapped in high-fiber packages and dressed in vibrant, low-calorie color.  Stylin’ as well or better than their veggie friends, fresh nutritious fruit comes water-tight.  Red watermelon and strawberries (lycopene), orange cantaloupe and papaya(beta carotene), dark blueberries and purple plums (vitamin C ), green kiwi and honeydew melon (potassium, vitamin C) are refreshing, hydrating and abundant in summer. Make use of a juicer, blender, or food processor and create a colorful beverage to accompany your dinner salad.  You can eat cold and be hot!

There always seems to be some Dallas Bubba who does his five-mile run mid-day in an adjusted summer temperature of 91 degrees Farenheit.  Frequently, Kansas City’s      Woodside tennis round robin doesn’t even begin until 9:00 a.m. with the sun bearing down.  Golfers in hot, humid Florida are notorious for teeing off after 8:00 a.m. and for some strange reason, there’s always a crowd of daytime skaters in July on both boardwalks, east and west.  Are they all nuts? Did they just consume a gallon of water each?  Or, fancy this possible explanation:  Perhaps members of Active Anonymous tolerate the heat because they are active and in shape.  Withstanding both hot and cold temperatures is easier for those who maintain a healthy weight and strong, muscular body.  Between the lines you know they have developed good eating habits and skills of endurance to even be labeled “strong and muscular,” but there is also a true chemical composition to the fit body that isn’t in the make-up of a soft, flabby, heart-stopping structure that acts more as a respiratory challenge during hot weather than a shelter in the shade. Only the strong survive the heat; the flabby flail.

While you’re sipping on your unflavored, cool, spring water, contemplate the following quips while remembering: Water hydrates, it softens your skin, it aids in digestion and the absorption of nutrients, it cools the body, it fills you up…and especially during the heat and humidity, it puts out fires.

 Water spots

Booze on the Beach and Coffee with Caffeine are hot-weather de-hydrants.  Nix the mix.

Being in shape increases your tolerance for heat.  Round is a shape, not in shape.

If your body heat comes in flashes, drink water, stay still and switch to flash drive.

Water follows Salt.  Take your dips without the chips.

Water is the fountain of youth.

Read Liz’s daily Lizlines Monday through Thursday and enjoy the Frisky Friday Lizlimerick each and every week at www.bdyfrm.com.

Ms Liz is the owner of Body Firm Integrated Fitness Solutions.  She has developed the Bands In The Park work-out for indoors or outdoors and provides fitness consultations and complete, integrated online instruction.  Contact Liz for a consultation to receive practical, affordable nutrition and fitness assistance and access to over 60 exercises, useful recipes and lesson plans.

Research: Optical Fibers for Nerve Block placement

The application of technology to practice has enabled the CRNA to deliver patient care that is safer and more reliable than at any other time in history.   The placement of nerve blocks has always been challenging.  Thirty years ago, soliciting paresthesia or trans arterial needle placement were common methods for administering an axillary block.  The Ultra sound guided nerve block has increased not only the success rate but also safety to the patient.  What can be done to improve on Ultra Sound?

Desjardins AE et al recognized that the success of a nerve block depends upon the proper placement of the needle.  They developed a stylet with optical fibers that could collect light for analysis of optical reflectance spectrometry.  The theory was that different tissues reflect a different wavelength of light and the stylet could be used to differentiate between nerve and vascular tissues.  Click here to read an abstract of their work.

Taking the concept one step further, Balthasar A, et al  used the technique on human subjects.  They reported that the stylet with optical fibers was able to differentiate between nerve and vascular tissue an on 2 cases detected actual vascular penetration by the needle.  Click here to read an abstract of their study.

Will the optical stylet replace ultra sound for nerve block placement?  Probably not.  However, the addition of the optical stylet which detects penetration of the needle into either vascular or nerve structures could add another element of safety to nerve block placement.

Research: ECG as source of infection

Hospital acquired infections are a major concern to the American Health Care Industry.  Each year infections cost an estimated 30-50 Billion dollars and cause 100,00 deaths to patients who trust their health to all levels of providers across the Nation.  Research to identify common sources of infection has implicated ECG wires as a reservoir for bacteria.

A study by Gilske, D et al at Advocate Lutheral General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL examined ECG wires as a source of Hospital Acquired infection.  In this study, 35 sets of ECG wires from ICU were disinfected using the standard Hospital protocol for cleaning rooms after discharge of a patient.  Both wires and snaps were cultured.  These researchers found:

From the 35 cultures, 57 organisms were detected

  •     65% positive for coagulase negative stahp
  •     11% positive for methacillin resistant staph aureus
  •     14% positive for vancomycin sensitive enterococcus
  •     3%  positive for vancomycin resistant enterococcus

They concluded that standard decontamination methods applied to reusable ECG wires and snaps are not effective.

Click here to review a poster session presenting the original work.

The Lifesync Corporation has introduced a wireless ECG to the marketplace.  The disposable leads are placed on the patient and connected to a wireless device which sends signals to a receiver connected to the standard monitor.  The immediate and obvious advantage is the reduced risk of infection offered by the disposable ECG leads.  The secondary gain for the Anesthetist is removal of wires from the work area.   The ability to position the patient lateral or prone without the mess of ECG wires is a definite plus of this system.  Click here to go to the Lifesync web site.  If you have used this product, please write a review in the comments section of this post.

Disclaimer:  PROCRNA.COM has NO financial tie to Lifesync Corporation or it’s products.  All questions should be directed to Lifesync.

 

Meeting Review: NWAS, Turks and Caicos

Meeting Date:  4/22/2012

Location:  Turks and Caicos

Strengths of meeting:  Interesting topics and speakers.  Beautiful location, great beaches, great for scuba and snorkeling

Suggestions:  No suggestions for improving the meeting.   The hotel was all inclusive with several dining options.  The food was not good and the service was not up to par for the price.

Overall value for the money:  Overpriced resort

From PROCRNA.COM:  If you have attended a meeting lately and want to share your experience with your colleagues, click on “meeting review” on the navigation tab and submit your review.

From the meeting sponsor:  “Northwest Anesthesia Seminars was founded in 1976 with the primary objective of offering high quality continuing education seminars for the anesthesia provider. This remains our principal objective today and our programs are designed to keep you current in the practice of anesthesiology while at the same time providing a forum for professional exchange with your colleagues from around the world. We know that your time is valuable and combining continuing education with a vacation is not only practical, but rewarding as well!

Be sure to browse our full course schedule to explore our locations with something for every traveler’s taste, budget and desire. Visit our website at www.nwas.com or call 1-800-222-6927 to learn more. There are many great reasons to attend a Northwest Anesthesia Seminar and we hope to see you soon.”   Click here to visit the NWAS web site.

Chief CRNA: How secure is your work group?

As Chief CRNAs, we are tasked with many roles and responsibilities.  In addition to clinical case management, we are tasked with additional duties that included personnel management, scheduling, recruiting, supplies, HR issues, and much more.   It is easy to become so involved in the daily work load that we lose sight of the looming threat related to survival of the work group.  Across the country, large, for profit management firms are writing contracts with the hospitals and displacing long standing work groups.   Market place competition is no longer between CRNA and MDA groups, but between local management versus takeover by a larger group with regional or national interests.

Tony Mira writing in the Anesthesia Insider blog makes the following statement:

“While the business of health care continues to evolve, there is perhaps no part of it changing faster than anesthesia. Numerous factors are quickly shifting the market towards an even more competitive and demanding landscape. The days of anesthesia groups simply providing clinical coverage in a hospital’s operating rooms are, for better or for worse, drawing to a close.”

He goes on to identify factors such as the expanded areas of coverage within the hospital, expanded roles of anesthesia providers, change in reimbursement levels and continued cuts in Medicare as factors that threaten the local work group.  The trend is for small practices to be taken over by for profit organizations.  The defense may be the merger of your group with other small work groups in your geographic area forming a larger, cohesive group.

The following are advantages of merging small groups into one organization:

One cost for management of the entire consolidated group
Single cost for billing, HR, credentialing, privileges, recruiting
Larger group generates a larger database for QA
leverage in contract negotiation for supplies
Leverage to negotiate a better benefits package
Cross coverage between hospitals within the organization for vacation / sick coverage
Larger group has increased security and is at less risk for takeover by a for profit organization

As Chief CRNAs, it is essential that we are proactive and have a positive working relationship with Hospital administration.  Those in an Anesthesia Team environment must have a seat at the table when management decisions are made.   Working with the Department Chair for the common good is essential.  Those in an all CRNA practice must remain vigilant to the threat of takeover and form strong coalitions with other CRNA groups and even consider maintaining your own identity while merging with larger team oriented groups.  The threat is real.   Make sure Hospital administration knows the value you add to the organization and maintain a high level of awareness related to a potential take over by an Anesthesia corporation.

Click here to read the full article by Tony Mira

 

Clinical Topic: Glucose Control in the OR

The intra-operative management of the Diabetic patient poses many challenges to the anesthetist.  Theories abound related to the advantages of “tight control” using an insulin infusion versus a less strict approach using bolus dosing.   Regardless of your beliefs regarding blood sugar control, being informed and having a plan is essential for the safety of your patient.

An excellent review article by Joseph F. Answine, M.D. titled Peri-operative Diabetes Management for Dummies: Just Check the Sugar! and published by the Pennsylvania Society of Anesthesiologists discusses the foundational points to be considered when administering anesthesia to the diabetic patient.

From Dr Answine: “What do we know about peri-operative glucose control? We know that infection rate, length of hospital stay, overall cost for the hospitalization, and morbidity and mortality are directly proportional to peri-operative blood glucose levels. We also know that there are numerous studies demonstrating improved overall outcomes with improved glucose control.”

The article goes on to advise the anesthetist to know the patient’s normal and work to keep the intraoperative blood sugar as close to the patient’s normal as possible.  The use of the glucometer intraoperatively is essential as is documentation.  When the patient comes with an insulin pump it is best to leave it on and check glucose levels frequently.

Other basics of managing the diabetic patient:

  • Do diabetics first case of the day
  • If outpatient, discuss post op glucosecontrol both  pre op and again before discharge
  • Test glucose pre-op
  • Know when patient last took diabetic medications
  • Know your patient’s history for self-control of diabetes
  • Intraop….infusions are better than a bolus
  • If the patient tells you how to manage their diabetes…..listen carefully

The bottom line is to know your patient’s history and glucose level.  With that knowledge, treat the patient appropriately.

The Full article continues with a chart showing the types of insulin, peak, and duration of action.  Click here to read the full article and return to www.procrna.com with your comments.

 

Feature SRNA: Judith Arrington

Name:  Judith A. Arrington

Email address:  judy.arrington79@gmail.com

Anesthesia School:  NorthShore University School of Nurse Anesthesia

Graduation Date:  August 24, 2012

CV:  Click here to view CV

Preferred geographic region:  Central TX

Major work as SRNA:  Perceived Anxiety of the Nurse Anesthetist of
Parent Presence during Induction of Anesthesia.

Parent presence during induction of anesthesia (PPIA) is a fairly new concept that is being implemented in order to incorporate family involvement with the pediatric patient in the operating room. Previous studies have not researched PPIA’s effect on the anesthetic provider, specifically nurse anesthetists.

Objectives: This study examined the nurse anesthetist’s perceptions, attitudes, and emotions regarding PPIA; and possibly past experiences which can affect the anesthetic provider’s peri-operative anxiety possibly impacting the outcome.

Click here to read the abstract of this original SRNA work.

Special Interests:  boating-that’s why I need to move so I can actually get some use out of our boat!

SRNAs…The future of our profession.  
Available to join your group in the Fall of 2012.

Meeting Review: NWAS Philadelphia

Meeting Date:  May 24-27, 2012

Quality of Meeting:  Overall excellent.  The speakers were very good and the topics were relevant to clinical practice.   Objectives were met for each of the topics presented.  I did not attend the hand’s on ultrasound workshop but was told that it was very good also.  I especially enjoyed the topics presented by Dr. Murphy.  He was well informed and interacted with the audience

Quality of location:  Again, excellent.  The host hotel was nice and located in Central Downtown.  There were many good restaurants close to the hotel.  Philadelphia had many historic sites as well as museums.  I was pleasantly surprised at all the murals covering walls in the downtown area.  It was an easy area to keep active by walking and biking.  I especially enjoyed a bike ride along the trail by the river.

Value for the money:  Excellent.  NWAS puts on a lot of meetings and have developed a quality faculty.  They seek sites that are great getaway locations.  I will attend another NWAS meeting next year.

Chief CRNA: CRNA vs MDA vs Capitalism

The controversy of CRNA vs. Anesthesiologist has been ongoing for decades.   Because of the overlapping clinical roles, turf battles have been ongoing with both CRNAs and Anesthesiologists in fear that the other group will one day take over.    Currently,  several models of practice are in place in the United States.   Although groups comprised solely of CRNAs or MDAs exist, the anesthesia team is a model commonly used.  Even within the team concept, disagreement continues to exist related to staffing ratios.

In an excellent online blog post, Dr William Hass, MD, MBA (Anesthesiology Reviews; CRNAs and the Elephant in the Room) suggests that there is a third factor in the ongoing dispute over Anesthesia services management.  Capitalism is a driving force in the US economy and healthcare is fertile ground for venture capital.  Anesthesia management companies look past professional organizations and turf battles and evaluate anesthesia services as an opportunity to make money.   Remaining in business is becoming more dependent on remaining competitive in the face of capitalism, not just fighting off the other group of providers.

Venture capitalists (Anesthesia Management Companies) offer the Hospital a contract for services.  According to Dr Hass, once in charge, they seek to gain return on investment and commonly:

  • Evaluation the process
  • Improve the processes
  • Cut costs (in anesthesia cases this almost always staff costs)
  • Continue to improve process and reduce costs
  • Provide a return to investors

The blog post goes on to state that improved technology improves safety allowing lesser credentialed providers to accomplish the same task with a lower overhead to the company.  For example, using the ultrasound for central line placement reduces the need for an Anesthesiologist to be involved in the task.

Dr Hall goes on to describe the evolution of change from physician to technician practice:

  •  anesthesiologist only practices (no CRNAs/AAs); become
  • anesthesia care team model practices (fewer anesthesiologists, more CRNAs/AAs); become
  • collaborative anesthesia practices (fewer and fewer anesthesiologists, more and more CRNAs/AAs); become
  • CRNA only practices (no anesthesiologists); become
  • anesthesia professional light practices (fewer anesthesiologists, CRNAs, AAs, and more technology)

Overall, Dr. Hass presents an excellent blog posting and a must read for anybody involved in anesthesia management.   A collaborative approach with both CRNAs and MDs working at the top of their license is required if the work group is to remain solvent and viable in the era of venture capitalism.

Click here to read the original blog post by Dr Hass.  Return to PROCRNA to leave a comment.

Chief CRNA: Coordinated care; Reduce Cost and Improve Care

Managing health care dollars in more important now than ever in the era of healthcare reform.  Limiting the use of extra supplies and running low gas flows is helpful but a coordinated approach involving the entire peri-operative team is needed to achieve maximum results.

Tony Mira of MiraMed Global Services posted a web based article detailing the contribution that anesthesiology makes to coordinated case management in the patient receiving total knee replacement.  Tony states  “Coordinated care” is one of the key concepts in health system reform.  It is central to the cost savings and quality improvements expected from Accountable Care Organizations, value-based purchasing and the medical home.”

He goes on to identify three areas where the anesthetist can add value and reduce cost to the patient receiving a total knee replacement.  According to Tony:

  1. Coordinated management of patients.  “First, we found that the health system with the lowest in-hospital complication rate had successfully developed and implemented an outpatient preoperative approach that emphasized multi-specialty evaluation of potential arthroplasty candidates, followed by an inpatient co-management approach involving anesthesia, internal medicine, and orthopedic surgery.”
  2. Dedicated operating room team.  “The benefit of a dedicated operating room team seems logical, given that total knee replacement is a procedure that requires staff to be familiar with multiple pans of instruments, machinery, and other technologies that are used to implant the knee prostheses. The total knee replacement surgeons agreed that working with an experienced arthroplasty team led to a smoother and faster workday.”  The article does not mention anesthesiologists or nurse anesthetists as part of the dedicated OR team, but it seems reasonable that familiarity across both sides of the ether screen would be beneficial.
  3. Management of patients’ expectations.  “After having examined its data, one member health care system implemented a patient expectations management process, whereby patients were activated and engaged in the process of discharge planning before admission. The result was an initial reduction in length-of-stay, without a change in complication rates.”

By becoming active participants in the patient’s overall surgical experience we not only reduce the overall cost, but we improve patient satisfaction.  CRNAs have a long history of excellence at the head of the table.  It is time for us to become more actively involved in the entire process.

Click here to read the original article posted by Tony Mira and return to leave a comment.

Meeting Review: Encore Symposium, Santa Fe, NM

Encore Symposiums, Inc. was founded in 1983 with the focus of providing continuing education to anesthesia providers in unique and exciting destinations. Each venue offers a high quality educational event that augments the expertise of the nurse anesthetist and a truly wonderful get-a-away.

Through the years we have developed a CRNA faculty that is dedicated to sharing knowledge directly pertaining to the challenges facing nurse anesthesia practice today.  Their presentations are pertinent, up-to-date and applicable to many areas of clinical anesthesia.

September in Santa Fe will include Hands-On Ultrasound Workshop & Interactive Legal Presentations.  Encore Symposiums has been providing CRNA continuing education for nearly 30 years.  September 3-6, 2012, they are offering a schedule that includes Regional Anesthesia presentations followed by a Hands-on Ultrasound Workshop.  In addition, the symposium will carry an emphasis on legal issues and include an Interactive Mock Deposition.

The symposium will be held at the Eldorado Hotel & Spa, located in the heart of downtown.  Spaces are limited, register now!

Click here to visit the web page for the Sante Fe meeting.  If you have been to an Encore Symposium, use the form below to write a review.

Chief CRNA: Automated Recordkeeping

Automated Anesthesia Recordkeeping (AARK) has been available for over 20 years and is being used in more and more operating rooms across America and around the world.   Despite becoming mainstream technology, AARK continues to generate controversy.   Is the advantage of automatic physiologic data capture offset by a loss of vigilence by the anesthesia provider?  Several studies have investigated the loss of vigilence related to AARK.

J. Allard, R, D. Zwoncaky et al published the results of a study in the British Journal of Anaesthesia addressing the issue of the effects of AARK on provider vigilence.

As stated by the Authors: “Proponents of this technology profess that automated record keepers reduce record keeping time thereby leaving more time for data interpretation and patient care . Moreover, others suggest that computer-generated records are more accurate and complete than those charted manually . On the other hand, critics argue that allowing the AARK to chart the vital signs removes the anesthetist from the information feedback loop and thereby has an adverse effect on vigilance . The main intent of this study was to determine the effect of an AARK on intraoperative record keeping time and vigilance.”

“Thirty-seven cases were charted manually and the remaining 29 were charted with a commercially available AARK. In order to evaluate vigilance, a physician examiner entered the operating room unannounced once during 33 of the manually charted cases and during 22 of the automatically charted cases and asked the anesthetist to turn away from the monitors and recall the current value of eight patient physiological variables. The examiner recorded the recalled values and also the actual current monitor values of these variables. The videotapes were reviewed and the anesthetist’s intraoperative time was categorized into 15 predefined activities, including intraoperative anesthesia record keeping time. We compared recalled and actual variable values to determine if the recalled values were within clinically relevant error limits.”

The authors conclude the use of the AARK did not significantly affect vigilance.  They go on to state that it appears that in using an AARK, the provider reallocates intraoperative record keeping time from manual charting to dealing with problems.

Click here to read the complete study and return to procrna.com with your comments.

CRNA Wellness: The fitness group

  The Fitness Group – Not Just a Numbers Game

There’s strength in numbers.  If you need proof, count the number of defensive players on the football field; observe the light produced by one streetlamp compared to a dozen; taste the difference between a chicken breast with one tablespoon of pepper and one teaspoon; shake hands with each member of the medical team that successfully separated conjugal twins.  A group with a goal cannot be stopped.  If you want great results in your wellness program, call some numbers and form a group.

Men’s Health Magazine suggests signing up for an event as one of its “top twenty ways” in which “to keep yourself on a fitness program.”  The motivation of preparing for a contest involving lots of people – and perhaps prizes – keeps you focused.  And focus is something all anesthesia professionals can do. There are fun runs involving 100’s, maybe a few thousand people, somewhere every weekend through October as well as cycling tours, tennis ladders, bi and triathlons galore and all it takes is one other person to help keep you motivated.  If you have more than 2 or 3 on your anesthesia team, you can have the same number on your walking team.  Are you going to San Francisco for the 2012 AANA meeting?  Take the team for the fun run and make healthy headlines.  Did the recruiter entice you to move kit and caboodle to Kansas City?  Your fitness groupies can gather at the head of the 17-mile trail at the south end and power a walk all the way to Town Center in Leawood, or keep going on a bicycle into Missouri!  Promise the Biggest Loser a lean latte at Dewey’s Coffee Café or buy the “most improved” person a bagel at Einstein’s. Re-set the bar a teeny bit higher every week the team meets.  Improvement and reward are inherent in teamwork.

Though expansion is a curse word of the weight-watcher, it’s the goal of the group.  Your companions at the clinic need not be limited to anesthesia junkies (I use the term loosely), so once your “team” is up and running, let it grow.  Evite another department, then another, and another to join you in the effort to be well.  Perhaps you already have a wellness offer at your hospital and perhaps you regularly participate.  Great!  Now get out and evangelize and expand!  Your improved level of energy and your own success at achieving and maintaining a fit, healthy body are perfect advertisements.  Add your voice to the ads, and the group will go viral.  Your team should “change up” because that’s what keeps it vibrant and challenging – sorta like 10,000 minutes on the schedule with five anesthetists on vacation!

Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX, has a hospital-wide cycling group that meets once or twice weekly, year ‘round.  It is highly organized – matching shirts and shorts! – and has become so popular that spouses and community residents frequently join the 145+ membership for the Saturday morning ride policy of “no cyclist left behind.”  Watertown Regional Medical Center in Wisconsin offers patients and employees one-on-one personal training sessions and several group fitness events each year.  Cleveland Clinic in greater Cleveland offers free employee membership to its fitness centers where you’ll participate with a group of 1,000’s!  Your upstate New York group can have a cross-country skiing team and your WEE employees in Colorado (We Enjoy Exercise!) can form a hiking club.  New Mexican anesthetists can train together for the annual climb to Sandia Peak and Georgians can scramble as a team up the backside of Stone Mountain.  The opportunities to form a cohesive, enthusiastic group committed to the freedom of wellness are only limited by your imaginations and the Dunkin’ Donuts sticking together in the anesthesia lounge.

It takes a leader and one friend to form a fitness group.  Add a little organization with some consistent commitment, and “they will come.”   Your health will improve as the result of being part of a team, and if it’s a good team, strength isn’t just added – it’s multiplied.

 Click here for Cleveland Clinic’s wellness program

Click here for Scott & White cycling club

 Click here for Kansas City bike trails

Please visit Liz at www.bdyfrm.com to read the daily Lizlines and Friday Lizlimerick.  Discover

Liz’s Bands In The Park mobile browser, a perfect companion for your walking or running group.

Clinical Topic: Propofol – Remifentanil Sedation

Epidural Anesthesia is becoming increasingly popular for Orthopedic procedures of the lower extremities.  Anesthetists are tasked with keeping the patient comfortably sedated while the Epidural provides adequate anesthesia during the procedure.   The goal is to keep the patient oxygenated and comfortable with hemodynamic stability and a rapid wake up at the end of the case.   An increasing number of anesthetists are finding that the combination of propofol – remifentanil is the answer.

A.A. Samaan and V. Srinivasan published an observational study  done in the Department of Anaesthesia, Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, England.

As reported by the authors: “Regional anaesthesia offers many advantages for major joint replacement surgery of the lower limb. These operations are usually lengthy and carried out on elderly patients. There is a need for effective and controllable sedation with fast recovery profile. This   obviates the need to administer general anaesthesia in addition to the regional anaesthesia. We undertook to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of combined infusions of Propofol and Remifentanil in this clinical set up.”

“This is an observational study of 123 consecutive patients who required joint replacement surgery; primary hip, primary knee, revision hip, revision knee and bilateral hip replacement.  Epidural anaesthesia was performed in 111 patients.  The Epidural site was either high lumbar or low thoracic. The Local Anaesthetic used was Bupivacaine 0.5%, warmed to body temperature, with Adrenaline added to achieve the strength of 1:200,000. The motor and the sensory functions were checked to ensure adequate blockade.”

Patients were sedated during the surgery with a manually controlled Remifentanil infusion (20 mg per ml solution) and a Target Controlled Infusion of Propofol.

The authors conclude “Sedation with Propofol and Remifentanil complemented successful Epidural regional anaesthesia for major joint replacement surgery.  It was especially valuable in prolonged surgery such as in the case of revision hip replacements. This avoided the need for general anaesthesia.  Sedation with Propofol and Remifentanil is associated with minimal side effects, even in prolonged operations of durations up to 260 minutes, provided there is adherence to a carefully titrated dosage.  In our experience the average infusion rate for Propofol was 2.5 mg.kg.hr and 0.02 mg.kg .min for Remifentanil.”

Click here to read the study and return to procrna.com to share your comments with your colleagues.

Clinical Topic: Handwashing Standards

New patient safety guidelines require increased vigilance in handwashing by healthcare providers.  Previous guidelines established by OSHA required soap and water handwashing between every patient contact.  Over the past few years, alcohol based handwashing agents have been introduced to the hospital setting raising the question about their efficacy and risk.

An article By Gina Pugliese, RN, MS; Judene Bartley, MS, MPH, CIC; Tammy Lundstrom, MD, reviews the topic of the use of alcohol based handwashing solutions.  They state:

“The evidence is clear; HCW compliance with hand hygiene can reduce the 2 million healthcare-associated infections that occur in patients annually, as well as reduce the risk of infections transmitted to workers. But the use of these waterless alcohol-based hand antiseptics, the centerpiece of the new CDC guideline, has been perceived to be in conflict with existing healthcare safety regulations. These include, for example, handwashing requirements from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), flammability issues from the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA), and corridor obstruction issues from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).”

The article goes on to discuss the fire risk related to the use of alcohol based handwashing solutions.  As CMS tightens enforcement of handwashing in the healthcare workplace, this information is essential for CRNAs.  Click here to read the article and return to PROCRNA.COM to share your comments.  ( If the link takes you to an ad, wait about 5 seconds and it will go on to the article)

Chief CRNA: HHS to Audit for HIPAA Violations

Is Big Brother watching?  You bet!   The Office of Civil Rights from the Department of Health and Human Services has initiated a pilot program to audit Hospitals and assure that HIPPA standards are being met.   Fines of up to $50,000 per occurence are in place and the auditors are ready to search for violations.

As reported by Drinker Biddle,  ” The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (OCR) has begun auditing covered entities for compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) under the HIPAA Audit Program (Audit Program). The Audit Program is funded by the Health Information Technology for Economic Clinical Health (HITECH) Act and requires HHS to conduct periodic audits to ensure both covered entities and business associates are complying with the HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules, as well as all Breach Notification standards.”

The department of HHS has released information regarding the audit plan.  The information provided by HHS includes information about who will be audited, how the program works and the timeline for auditing.  Click here to review the information provided by HHS.

Share this information with your Chief CRNA colleagues and return to this page to make a comment and share your opinions.

 

Research: Anesthesia causes jet-lag

A press release from the University of Aickland dated April 17th, 2012 described a recent study done there that linked anesthesia to a feeling of jet-lag following surgery.

The researcher, Dr. Guy Warman, noted,  “Our work shows that general anesthesia effectivly shifts you to a different time zone, producing chemically-induced jet-lag.  It provides scientific explanation for why people wake up from surgery feel as though very little time has passed.”

Dr. Warman goes on to state, “It’s been known for sometime that after anesthesia, people’s biological clocks are disrupted and this can compromise their sleep pattern and mood as well as wound healing and immune function.”

This interesting work was done on honey bees which are known to have a keen sense of time.

Click here to read the original press release

CRNA Wellness: Wake-up call

My humorous Native American name for my younger daughter was Face In The Soup.    When she was tired, SHE WAS TIRED, and by the 6:00 p.m. dinner hour, her face went down on the table and it didn’t come up.  As a young mother, I learned quickly to make sure she had received all of life’s necessities before OUR dinner time because no matter what happened in my own life, at 6:00 p.m. her curtain was going down.  If she were now an anesthetist on the job, her adopted name could be Dies on the Table or Puts Patients at Risk.

Chuck Biddle, CRNA, PhD, chief editor of the AANA Journal and multi-published author of sleep deprivation articles, quotes another anesthesia industry sleep expert, June J. Pilcher, when he reports that:  Fatigue caused by lack of adequate sleep results in diminished cognitive function, impaired vigilance, decay in problem-solving ability, degradation in memory, and eroded motivation.
Click here to read the article.

Okay, so I can’t tell you anything that will make the surgeon close that thoracic cavity in time for you to be eating dinner by 6:00, or to watch Dancing With The Stars, or to shower off the sounds, smells and stress from the OR and still drop into bed by 10:00.  But I can give you some simple fitness suggestions for making sleep more useful when your head makes contact with the pillow-top.  People who are fit and healthy sleep better than those who aren’t.  Simple.  True.

Physical exercise is way at the top of ways in which to elevate energy but tire the body in such a manner as to make sleep deeper and easier.  Although it is a personal choice as to what time of day you should do your cardio or tote that bail, you can figure it out in just a few morning or evening trips to the gym, or on the elliptical in front of your Netflix pick.  Morning cardio elevates your metabolism and your heart rate which energizes you for the better part of the day but fatigues you in a pleasant way by or before gall bladder number six.  Doing your cardio before bed does the same thing to metabolism and heart rate so you probably want to take a bit of down time between cardio and vespers.  Some of you may prefer to do a lunchtime cardio on the days it’s possible, a great substitute for pop ‘n pizza.  Try to create some routine so that your body says, “It’s time to cardio; it’s time to eat; it’s time to don the scrubs; it’s time to let down; it’s time to sleep.”

Stretching and crunching before bed is another great way to relax and create routine before the sandman comes.  Tom S. Davis, CRNA,  MAE, likes to say, “Every day that I don’t make time to stretch is one day closer to the day I won’t be able to.”  If you don’t have a designated work-out area at home, keep a Pilates mat, a towel and a 55cm fitball (inflatable stability ball) in your bedroom so that it’s easily available every evening.  Do various crunches that access all areas of the abs followed by a thorough five-minute stretch routine that leaves you feeling loose, relaxed and calm.  Wind down by finishing your toilette routine.  Then crawl in and let go.

Eat dinner right before bed…and you’ll sleep poorly.  Drink coffee right before bed…and you’ll have to interrupt your sleep to offload.  Consume alcohol in excess…and reflux, insomnia and restless sleep will be your companions.  Wear a belly to bed that looks like an eminent delivery, and you’ll wake yourself up with your own snores, not to mention that you’ll be sleeping alone. In short, what you put in your body all day is the very same thing you’ll put into bed that night and your sleep will thrive or dive because of it. Lower the bad fat in your diet, especially lower the sugar, decrease the volume of intake and put down the fork, fingers or chopsticks between every few bites.  Intentional eating of reasonable kinds and amounts of food are your fitness friend, and quality sleep will become a close relative.

Finally, stay away from negative news, time-consuming e-mails, family complaints and anything else that puts your head in a quandry and reduces your tranquility.  Say, “Good-night,” to your honey, calmly go through your affirmations, prayers or meditation minutes and put out your lights.  Six hours, seven hours, preferably eight hours later, your fit, healthy Self will be refreshed and ready to take your life back. Then go pop into the OR bright-eyed and bushy-tailed and clip on your nametag:   Saves The Lives of Others.

Other Tips
Take a power nap during your break.
Don’t stop for restaurant food on the way home.
Don’t drink alcohol.
Avoid drugs and sleep aides.
Get extra sleep BEFORE call.
Avoid arguments.
Split your cardio into morning and evening.
Eat very lightly if it’s late.
Read relaxing lit.
Do Yoga.
Meditate.
Say, “Good-night, Gracie!”

You can visit Liz during your waking hours at www.bdyfrm.com.  Read the motivational, entertaining Lizlines Monday through Friday and watch for her original Lizlimerick once a week.   Ms Liz

Fitnotes
Chuck Biddle, CRNA, PhD, is a professor and staff anesthetist at Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. He is editor in chief of the AANA Journal. Email: cbiddle@hsc.vcu.edu.
Tom Davis, CRNA, MAE is chief nurse anesthetist at Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, Tx and former assistant professor of nurse anesthesia at University of Kansas.  He is the owner of and consultant for Procrna.com.  Email:  tom@swcrna.com

Clinical Topic: Patient Safety, The Helsinki Declaration

The European Board of and Society of Anesthesiology have adopted the Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anesthesia and have made recommendations for standards that further improve patient safety.

The authors state that patient safety has 3 components; a set of guiding principles, a body of knowledge and a collection of tools.  The basic principles are the tendency for things to go wrong is both natural and normal, rather than an opportunity to find someone to blame; safety can be improved by analyzing errors and critical incidents, rather than pretending they have not happened; and humans, machines and equipment are all part of a system, the component parts of which interact to make the system safe or unsafe.

The following Abstract was printed in the European Journal of Anesthesiology:

Anaesthesiology, which includes anaesthesia, perioperative care, intensive care medicine, pain therapy and emergency medicine, has always participated in systematic attempts to improve patient safety. Anaesthesiologists have a unique, cross-specialty opportunity to influence the safety and quality of patient care. Past achievements have allowed our specialty a perception that it has become safe, but there should be no room for complacency when there is more to be done. Increasingly older and sicker patients, more complex surgical interventions, more pressure on throughput, new drugs and devices and simple chance all pose hazards in the work of anaesthesiologists. In response to this increasingly difficult and complex working environment, the European Board of Anaesthesiology (EBA), in cooperation with the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA), has produced a blueprint for patient safety in anaesthesiology. This document, to be known as the Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology, was endorsed by these two bodies together with the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA), and the European Patients’ Federation (EPF) at the Euroanaesthesia meeting in Helsinki in June 2010. The Declaration represents a shared European view of that which is worthy, achievable, and needed to improve patient safety in anaesthesiology in 2010. The Declaration recommends practical steps that all anaesthesiologists who are not already using them can successfully include in their own clinical practice. In parallel, EBA and ESA have launched a joint patient safety task-force in order to put these recommendations into practice. It is planned to review this Declaration document regularly.

The original article by Staender et al is a “must read” for all providers who sincerely seek to improve patient safety.  Click here to read the original article.

Return to procrna.com to share your thoughts with your colleagues.

Clinical Forum: Sevoflurane with RSI in Obese Patient

With the growing Obesity epidemic in America, anesthetists are continually facing the risk of induction and intubation with a potentially difficult airway.  Many theories are in the literature about the “best” technique for safe induction of the morbidly obese patient.  Pre-oxygenation is essential and proper positioning increases the odds of successful airway management.

A recent article by Toso et al. published in the European Journal of Anesthesiology (Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Nov;28(11):781-7. described adding a component of inhalation anesthesia to the rapid sequence induction technique for morbidly obese patients.  In this study, the authors positioned and pre-oxygenated patients.   When ready for induction, the researchers turned on Sevoflurane and after 30 seconds of breathing the agent, they followed with a rapid sequence induction using propofol, alfentanil and Succinylcholine.  All patients were easily intubated on the first attempt and there were not occasions of desaturation.

The authors demonstrated that adding Sevoflurane to the RSI sequence provided conditions for a safe and controlled induction of anesthesia.

Click here to read an abstract of the original article.  Return to Procrna.com and share your opinion with your colleagues.

 

CRNA Wellness: Nutrition

Gary, Gary, quite contrary
How does your garden grow?
With onions, tomatoes,
Vine-ripe sweet potatoes,
And lima beans all in a row.

April is the time to plan ‘n’ plant the garden.  The delightful thing about your garden is that it will provide a solitary escape after a 50-hour work week.  Or it will serve as a dual retreat for you and your partner.  And, it’s sure to be a family affair in which everyone can select some favorite veggies to coax and encourage to fruition. When you grow things, you grow, and when you grow, your body heals.

Sweet potatoes are an amazing garden food, big on nutrients and huge on color.  There are lots of varieties but pick one that grows well in your soil.  Beta carotene has enjoyed solid mag’ rap in the last ten years having been praised and criticized nearly equally.  The truth about  sweet potatoes is that in addition to the starch and sugar, the abundance of A, C and beta carotene make every sweet sensation worthwhile.  I recommend that my clients consume at least one serving of a variety of sweet potato each week.  Prepare it clean – bake without butter, boil and peel, microwave in a potato bag and slice, cut into strips and bake as fries.  You don’t need salt, fats, or seasonings of any kind to enhance the flavor of this already sweet, generous source of nutrients.   Click here to learn about Sweet Potato nutrients.

Green beans provide a rich supply of vitamins A and C that do not stick to your ribs or add unwanted calories to your spring plate.  You can plant pole beans or traditional snap beans in a raised garden.  But if you have room for rows and rows of snaps, haricot verts or favas, go ahead and plant the seeds, fertilize, water, watch for worms, harvest and enjoy.  Eat them fresh-steamed next to your grilled tuna, or stir fry them with onions and mushrooms.  Cut and drop raw into veggie soup or snip, steam and eat them with your fingers in front of HGTV.  If you get at this early in the season, you may have time to plant a second crop.   Click here to learn about Green Bean nutrients.

Yellow zucchini is becoming more and more expensive to purchase, so you may as well grow your own and eat the best.  Like sweet potatoes, the vines take up some space but vertical gardening is always a space-saving option.  Packed with vitamin A and plenty of C, this vegan delight is so low in calories that you can eat a bowlful of sunshine several times a week.  Stir fry it, steam it, slice it and grill it with olive oil or flavored Pam, and use the leftover slices on a fresh veggie sandwich.  Watery and lightweight, zucchini begs to be undercooked.  Your lean machine will love both  yellow and green.  Click here to learn about Zucchini nutrients.

Tomatoes are a thing of beauty in your diet and on your table.  By now most guys know the health benefits of lypocene to the prostate, and both genders are continually reminded through research studies of the cancer preventative capacity in a snappy tomato.  There is some proof that cooked tomatoes are a better option than raw but all kinds, sizes and methods of prep are tasty and healthful.  Think A (B) C then go ahead, prepare a big old ground white turkey burger, slap on a thick slice of Beefsteak tomato, put on a layer of avocado and support it all with an unbuttered whole wheat bun and some leafy lettuce…serve steamed broccoli florets as a healthy side, and indulge. You’re a Garden Gourmet!  Click here to learn about tomato nutrients.

Mary, Mary, quite contrary,
How does your garden grow?
With orange, green, yellow, red,
A rainbow in the bed,
With rich vitamins all in a row.

Gardening is an art form that delivers pleasure to every sense. Feel the cool rich earth slipping between your fingers, see the tiny sprouts and watch them flourish, hear the sweet songbirds nearby, then smell and taste the results of your labor.  There is no place on earth like a garden for feeding both mind and body.  This, you understand, because you’re a healer.

Read Liz’s daily column lizlines at www.bdyfrm.com

Chief CRNA: CRNAs as OR Leaders

Across the Nation, Chief CRNAs are probably among the most under utilized group of talented health care providers.  In addition to developing the work schedule and assuring that providers are present to support the posted schedule, Chief CRNAs know the strengths and weaknesses of the staff members and are in a unique position to guide the work flow to optimize patient care.

An original article Written by Sabrina Rodak details why Anesthesia providers are well positioned to guide the work flow in the operating room.  Click here to read the original article.

Three experts on anesthesia services explain why anesthesia providers are best positioned to lead the operating room of a hospital.

1. “The perioperative leader should be an excellent communicator with a deep knowledge of OR management in order to successfully make the necessary changes required in carrying out the hospital’s overall goals. As anesthesiologists are present in the OR every single day, it is important that the anesthesia chair takes on this role to promote consistency across the board through this time of change,” says Leo Penzi, MD, executive vice chair of the department of anesthesia at North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, N.Y., a member of the board of directors of North American Partners in Anesthesia and assistant professor in the department of anesthesiology at Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine.

2. In a case study presented by Surgical Directions, a hospital recruited anesthesia providers to drive perioperative performance by granting them leadership positions and aligning incentives. The anesthesiologists received financial rewards for increasing patient volume and a stipend for fulfilling certain service standards, including increasing the availability of regional blocks, accommodating add-ons and participating in the OR’s daily huddle, a process in which the OR team discusses issues from recent cases and prepares for the next day’s schedule. Anesthesia leadership was an important element of the hospital’s success in perioperative services.

3. Proper anesthesia leadership in the OR is a key element of integrated delivery of care. Robert Stiefel, MD, a principal with Enhance Healthcare, defines this as “healthcare professionals and supporting facilities working towards one goal: optimized patient care that is more efficient and cost effective.” Integrated care in the OR depends on the coordination of hospital administration, OR staff, surgeons and anesthesiologists. Anesthesia providers’ involvement in all aspects of the OR makes them prime candidates to oversee this coordination. “Anesthesia providers are the most consistent component of the entire perioperative experience,” Dr. Stiefel says.

Chief CRNA: Delivering value

As Anesthetists, delivering quality anesthesia care is foudational to our work.  As Chief CRNAs, we must ensure that developing and delivering value also includes delivering value to our Hospitals / organizations as well as our patients.   The following information was Posted by William Hass, MD, MBA in Anesthesiareviews.    Read the work below or click here to go to the original posting by Dr. Hass.

Developing and delivering value is part of business strategy.  This concept can be used for an entire organization or any of its parts or functions.  Usually the focus of the value proposition is externally toward customers, but a locally owned and operated anesthesia service cannot provide external value unless its support functions are providing internal value to the group.

Support services for a community anesthesia services can be incestuous.  In-laws, family friends, and childhood acquaintances may be providing some or all of its support services including billing, benefits, accounting, and legal services.  These inbred services are quite variable in cost and quality ranging from well-priced high quality services to high priced poorly functioning pseudo-payoffs.  The value proposition of a group’s support service becomes important when there is subsidy request.

Why should a facility pay for your poor management?
Can you produce superior clinical services without adequate support?

This is where anesthesia management companies (“AMCs”) and physician practice management companies (“PPMCs”) have an advantage because they’re supposed to have a well-oiled administrative “engine.” Some do and some do not.

Their management may be centralized, but can provide excellent on-site management?
Can they get the “little things” and the not so “little things” right at a distant site?
Do they understand the culture of the facility from somewhere over the horizon?

Some PPMCs never really get anesthesia billing right because their experience is in other specialties.  (Believe it or not, PPMC anesthesia billing can be significantly better than the billing services provided by the lowest bidder to a facility or multi-facility corporation.)  Diligent review is required when selecting an AMC or PPMC.

There is an important problem.  The progress and development of management service organizations (“MSOs”) are being slowed by nepotism.  While an MSO’s advantages of lowering the overhead costs and expanding services are easy to understand, ending a combined friendship/business relationship with an in-law, family friend, and childhood buddy can be difficult, if not traumatic.  If attention is not paid to the business aspects of its practice, the choices for an anesthesia group may be between amputation (of nepotism) to join an MSO or execution/extinction by an AMC or PPMC.

Survival and success in business requires difficult decisions.  Anesthesia group leaders may need to make hard and unpopular decisions unless they want someone else to be making hard and unpopular decisions for them.

Take Home Points:

Nepotism can slow the development of MSOs
MSOs can lower costs and improve group management
Survival and success in business requires hard decisions
Anesthesia group leaders need to hard and unpopular decisions unless they want someone else to be making hard and unpopular decisions for them

Legal Topic: Documentation

Same Song Different Verse – If It Wasn’t Documented…..

Consider for a moment, that you or a colleague is facing legal action that, on the face of things, appears absurd.  How absurd? Well, think for a moment about the first time that you learned how to place an intravenous (IV) line.  The first thing that you were taught to do (after determining the correct patient, catheter size, and limb selection) was – clean the site.  Traditionally we used alcohol either provided in an IV start kit or provided by our facility.  How many of us thought about, or consulted the relevant science, regarding which preparation solution was actually better for patient care?

Now lets take it up notch. Consider what you do as an anesthesia provider when you are preparing to place an epidural catheter or a subarachnoid block.  Most of the kits that we used in school and current practice have supplied within them a skin cleansing preparation.  According to one manufacturer, B. Braun (bbraunusa.com/images/bbraun_usa/bbrauncatalog.pdf; F3), the supplied cleaning preparation in standard single dose epidural trays is povidone iodine.  Again, how many of us question the skin preparation solution provided in a kit by a manufacturer that our facility has chosen to select for us?  Relevant science indicates that a better skin preparation solution for neuraxial blocks is chlorhexidine.  Furthermore, this solution is optimal when used from a single use package, instead of poured from a multi-use container.

What is the importance of such minutiae?  Well, suppose a post-partum patient presented to the ER 4 days after discharge from the mother-baby unit of Smallville Community Hospital with the following symptoms: low grade fever, back ache, intermittent weakness of the right lower extremity.  During her ER workup, the on call anesthesiologist, Dr. Nurves, is consulted since the patient had an epidural for labor analgesia.  After his physical exam, Dr. Nurves suspects the patient has an epidural abscess.  He orders an MRI that confirms his suspicions.  Now fast forward 18 months.  The patient decides to file a claim against her anesthesia providers for causing the pain and disability from which she now suffers.  She suspects her current problems are from the epidural abscess…….

When an attorney is tasked to evaluate this type of claim, the attorney will seek a healthcare professional who is familiar with the standards of care surrounding the activities related the client’s labor epidural for analgesia.  Imagine the professional conundrum provided by the following clause on the anesthesia record “Sterile prep and drape” without further elaboration.  Would it make any difference if we added another detail: the epidural was placed by a trainee (either physician or nurse) and the use of the trainee was NOT noted on the anesthesia record.  Additionally, the patient, and her spouse, recalls multiple attempts at placing the epidural; this is also not noted on the chart.  So how does one determine if standards of customary practice were met in such a situation?  The use of the trainee, and the multiple attempts at placing the epidural catheter are not documented in the records.  These items are not facts in evidence.  It is a fact however, that if cultures are obtained from an epidural abscess with bacterium that are not normally found in the epidural space, AND the patient’s physical exam prior to the placement of the epidural does not specifically indicate a bacterial infection in the area where the epidural catheter was to be placed AND (perhaps most importantly to us) the modality for transmission of bacterium into the epidural space is under the exclusive control of the anesthesia provider, then supporting data can be introduced to create a scenario whereby the anesthesia providers who placed the epidural catheter caused the epidural abscess AND the related sequela.  What type of supporting data?  Standards of care regarding neuraxial blockade; sterile skin preparation; and care documentation.  Documents of professional standards, along with several peer- reviewed clinical reports regarding sterile skin preparation are readily available in any medical library (electronic or traditional) or via the world wide web.

A well researched review providing the who, what, when, where, and why of how we are supposed to practice our craft can speak volumes to a trier of fact (a judge or a jury) as to whether or not a patient’s claim has merit.  So what is the take home message: Know and adhere to your professional standards of care (review them if necessary) and keep up with the state of your science.

Pamela Chambers, MSN, CRNA, EJD
www.lexterraeconsulting.com

References
Barash, P.G., Cullen, B.F., & Stoelting, R.K. Clinical Anesthesia 3rd Ed.  Ch 26 Epidual and Spinal Anesthesia p 651 Lippincott Raven, New York 1997

Birnbach D.J. et al, Povidone Iodine and skin disinfection before initiation of epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1998; 88:668-672

Nagelhout, J. J., Zaglaniczny, K.L. Nurse Anesthesia 3rd Ed. Ch 44 Obstetric Anesthesia p 1066     Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis 2005

Stoelting, R. K., Miller, R.D. Basics of Anesthesia 3rd Ed., Ch. 12  Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia p 173, Churchill Livingstone, New York. 1994

Pamela Chambers, MSN, CRNA, EJD
www.lexterraeconsulting.com